[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.marienbad-thc.cz\/hudba-starych-zidu\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.marienbad-thc.cz\/hudba-starych-zidu\/","headline":"Hudba star\u00fdch \u017eid\u016f","name":"Hudba star\u00fdch \u017eid\u016f","description":"Pro evropskou civilizaci m\u011bla ze v\u0161ech starov\u011bk\u00fdch hudebn\u00edch kultur nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznam hudba \u017eidovsk\u00e1. Ta se spole\u010dn\u011b s\u00a0hudbou Antiky, tedy \u0158ecka a \u0158\u00edma, stala z\u00e1kladem evropsk\u00e9ho k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9ho hudebn\u00edho um\u011bn\u00ed. Na jejich z\u00e1klad\u011b se d\u00e1le vyv\u00edjela a vyv\u00edj\u00ed cel\u00e1 na\u0161e vlastn\u00ed kultura. Z\u00a0\u017eidovsk\u00fdch pam\u00e1tek v\u00fdtvarn\u00fdch se do dne\u0161n\u00ed doby nedochovalo t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nic. Zato jsou \u017did\u00e9 tv\u016frci jedn\u00e9 […]","datePublished":"2025-03-01","dateModified":"2023-04-28","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.marienbad-thc.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"marienbad-thc.cz\n","url":"https:\/\/www.marienbad-thc.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c61c2d82e330ff9c70cf023b4c62d411e8407bcb38f85df591fa270717754b44?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c61c2d82e330ff9c70cf023b4c62d411e8407bcb38f85df591fa270717754b44?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"marienbad-thc.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.marienbad-thc.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a335884_w1939_t1549190610.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.marienbad-thc.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a335884_w1939_t1549190610.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.marienbad-thc.cz\/hudba-starych-zidu\/","about":["Kultura"],"wordCount":388,"articleBody":"Pro evropskou civilizaci m\u011bla ze v\u0161ech starov\u011bk\u00fdch hudebn\u00edch kultur nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznam hudba \u017eidovsk\u00e1. Ta se spole\u010dn\u011b s\u00a0hudbou Antiky, tedy \u0158ecka a \u0158\u00edma, stala z\u00e1kladem evropsk\u00e9ho k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9ho hudebn\u00edho um\u011bn\u00ed. Na jejich z\u00e1klad\u011b se d\u00e1le vyv\u00edjela a vyv\u00edj\u00ed cel\u00e1 na\u0161e vlastn\u00ed kultura.Z\u00a0\u017eidovsk\u00fdch pam\u00e1tek v\u00fdtvarn\u00fdch se do dne\u0161n\u00ed doby nedochovalo t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nic. Zato jsou \u017did\u00e9 tv\u016frci jedn\u00e9 z\u00a0nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch liter\u00e1rn\u00edch pam\u00e1tek historie, t\u00edmto pokladem jsou spisy za\u0159azen\u00e9 do Bible. V\u00a0pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch dob\u00e1ch sepsali je\u0161t\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00fd Talmud (\u017eidovsk\u00e9 u\u010den\u00ed). Ob\u011b d\u00edla jsou sv\u011bdectv\u00edm i \u00a0o bohat\u00e9 hudebn\u00ed kultu\u0159e jejich tv\u016frc\u016f.Pro tento n\u00e1rod nebyla hudba um\u011bn\u00edm, jak ho ch\u00e1peme dnes. Nem\u011bli koncertn\u00ed p\u00f3dia. Ale byla t\u011bsn\u011b spjata s\u00a0bohoslu\u017ebou. Jej\u00ed povaha byla hymnick\u00e1, a n\u011bkdy a\u017e patetick\u00e1. Vzhledem ke sv\u00e9mu \u00fa\u010delu, byl pro bohoslu\u017eby vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n hlavn\u011b lidsk\u00fd hlas.V\u00a0Izraeli v\u0161ak existovala tak\u00e9 instrument\u00e1ln\u00ed hudba. P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm lidov\u00e1 a tane\u010dn\u00ed. Hudebn\u00ed n\u00e1stroje byly p\u0159ej\u00edm\u00e1ny od ostatn\u00edch kultur starov\u011bku, a to v\u011bt\u0161inou ze S\u00fdrie. Mezi n\u011b pat\u0159il kinnor (obdoba \u0159eck\u00e9 kithary), bic\u00ed n\u00e1stroj tof, dechov\u00fd \u0161ofar (beran\u00ed roh) a chasosrah (rovn\u00e1 kovov\u00e1 trubka).Nejcenn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u017eidovskou hudbou byli zhudebn\u011bn\u00e9 b\u00e1snick\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti Bible, \u017ealmy. Jejich recitace prob\u00edhala na jednom jedin\u00e9m t\u00f3nu, kdy na konci ver\u0161\u016f zazn\u011bl jednoduch\u00fd melodick\u00fd pohyb. Byly takto p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161eny dvoj\u00edm zp\u016fsobem. Bu\u010f se st\u0159\u00eddaly dva sbory mezi sebou, nebo se st\u0159\u00eddal se sborem s\u00f3lista. N\u011bkdy byl \u017ealm zah\u00e1jen p\u0159edzp\u011bvem, kter\u00fd se pak je\u0161t\u011b opakoval na konci.\u017didovsk\u00e1 hudba byla zalo\u017eena na p\u011btit\u00f3nov\u00fdch bezp\u016flt\u00f3nov\u00fdch stupnic\u00edch.\u017did\u00e9 \u010dasto p\u0159ej\u00edmali vlivy ze sv\u00e9ho okol\u00ed, proto nejsou jejich synagog\u00e1ln\u00ed zp\u011bvy z\u00a0pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch dob ryz\u00edm projevem jejich vlastn\u00ed kultury. Byly toti\u017e obohacen\u00e9 a prosycen\u00e9 velk\u00fdm po\u010dtem prvk\u016f hudby babyl\u00f3nsk\u00e9, helenistick\u00e9 i ostatn\u00edch n\u00e1rod\u016f, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm syrsk\u00fdch.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Hudba star\u00fdch \u017eid\u016f","item":"https:\/\/www.marienbad-thc.cz\/hudba-starych-zidu\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]